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# encoding: US-ASCII # frozen_string_literal: true # = csv.rb -- CSV Reading and Writing # # Created by James Edward Gray II on 2005-10-31. # # See CSV for documentation. # # == Description # # Welcome to the new and improved CSV. # # This version of the CSV library began its life as FasterCSV. FasterCSV was # intended as a replacement to Ruby's then standard CSV library. It was # designed to address concerns users of that library had and it had three # primary goals: # # 1. Be significantly faster than CSV while remaining a pure Ruby library. # 2. Use a smaller and easier to maintain code base. (FasterCSV eventually # grew larger, was also but considerably richer in features. The parsing # core remains quite small.) # 3. Improve on the CSV interface. # # Obviously, the last one is subjective. I did try to defer to the original # interface whenever I didn't have a compelling reason to change it though, so # hopefully this won't be too radically different. # # We must have met our goals because FasterCSV was renamed to CSV and replaced # the original library as of Ruby 1.9. If you are migrating code from 1.8 or # earlier, you may have to change your code to comply with the new interface. # # == What's Different From the Old CSV? # # I'm sure I'll miss something, but I'll try to mention most of the major # differences I am aware of, to help others quickly get up to speed: # # === CSV Parsing # # * This parser is m17n aware. See CSV for full details. # * This library has a stricter parser and will throw MalformedCSVErrors on # problematic data. # * This library has a less liberal idea of a line ending than CSV. What you # set as the <tt>:row_sep</tt> is law. It can auto-detect your line endings # though. # * The old library returned empty lines as <tt>[nil]</tt>. This library calls # them <tt>[]</tt>. # * This library has a much faster parser. # # === Interface # # * CSV now uses Hash-style parameters to set options. # * CSV no longer has generate_row() or parse_row(). # * The old CSV's Reader and Writer classes have been dropped. # * CSV::open() is now more like Ruby's open(). # * CSV objects now support most standard IO methods. # * CSV now has a new() method used to wrap objects like String and IO for # reading and writing. # * CSV::generate() is different from the old method. # * CSV no longer supports partial reads. It works line-by-line. # * CSV no longer allows the instance methods to override the separators for # performance reasons. They must be set in the constructor. # # If you use this library and find yourself missing any functionality I have # trimmed, please {let me know}[mailto:james@grayproductions.net]. # # == Documentation # # See CSV for documentation. # # == What is CSV, really? # # CSV maintains a pretty strict definition of CSV taken directly from # {the RFC}[http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4180.txt]. I relax the rules in only one # place and that is to make using this library easier. CSV will parse all valid # CSV. # # What you don't want to do is feed CSV invalid data. Because of the way the # CSV format works, it's common for a parser to need to read until the end of # the file to be sure a field is invalid. This eats a lot of time and memory. # # Luckily, when working with invalid CSV, Ruby's built-in methods will almost # always be superior in every way. For example, parsing non-quoted fields is as # easy as: # # data.split(",") # # == Questions and/or Comments # # Feel free to email {James Edward Gray II}[mailto:james@grayproductions.net] # with any questions. require "forwardable" require "English" require "date" require "stringio" require_relative "csv/fields_converter" require_relative "csv/match_p" require_relative "csv/parser" require_relative "csv/row" require_relative "csv/table" require_relative "csv/writer" using CSV::MatchP if CSV.const_defined?(:MatchP) # # This class provides a complete interface to CSV files and data. It offers # tools to enable you to read and write to and from Strings or IO objects, as # needed. # # The most generic interface of the library is: # # csv = CSV.new(string_or_io, **options) # # # Reading: IO object should be open for read # csv.read # => array of rows # # or # csv.each do |row| # # ... # end # # or # row = csv.shift # # # Writing: IO object should be open for write # csv << row # # There are several specialized class methods for one-statement reading or writing, # described in the Specialized Methods section. # # If a String is passed into ::new, it is internally wrapped into a StringIO object. # # +options+ can be used for specifying the particular CSV flavor (column # separators, row separators, value quoting and so on), and for data conversion, # see Data Conversion section for the description of the latter. # # == Specialized Methods # # === Reading # # # From a file: all at once # arr_of_rows = CSV.read("path/to/file.csv", **options) # # iterator-style: # CSV.foreach("path/to/file.csv", **options) do |row| # # ... # end # # # From a string # arr_of_rows = CSV.parse("CSV,data,String", **options) # # or # CSV.parse("CSV,data,String", **options) do |row| # # ... # end # # === Writing # # # To a file # CSV.open("path/to/file.csv", "wb") do |csv| # csv << ["row", "of", "CSV", "data"] # csv << ["another", "row"] # # ... # end # # # To a String # csv_string = CSV.generate do |csv| # csv << ["row", "of", "CSV", "data"] # csv << ["another", "row"] # # ... # end # # === Shortcuts # # # Core extensions for converting one line # csv_string = ["CSV", "data"].to_csv # to CSV # csv_array = "CSV,String".parse_csv # from CSV # # # CSV() method # CSV { |csv_out| csv_out << %w{my data here} } # to $stdout # CSV(csv = "") { |csv_str| csv_str << %w{my data here} } # to a String # CSV($stderr) { |csv_err| csv_err << %w{my data here} } # to $stderr # CSV($stdin) { |csv_in| csv_in.each { |row| p row } } # from $stdin # # == Data Conversion # # === CSV with headers # # CSV allows to specify column names of CSV file, whether they are in data, or # provided separately. If headers specified, reading methods return an instance # of CSV::Table, consisting of CSV::Row. # # # Headers are part of data # data = CSV.parse(<<~ROWS, headers: true) # Name,Department,Salary # Bob,Engineering,1000 # Jane,Sales,2000 # John,Management,5000 # ROWS # # data.class #=> CSV::Table # data.first #=> #<CSV::Row "Name":"Bob" "Department":"Engineering" "Salary":"1000"> # data.first.to_h #=> {"Name"=>"Bob", "Department"=>"Engineering", "Salary"=>"1000"} # # # Headers provided by developer # data = CSV.parse('Bob,Engeneering,1000', headers: %i[name department salary]) # data.first #=> #<CSV::Row name:"Bob" department:"Engineering" salary:"1000"> # # === Typed data reading # # CSV allows to provide a set of data _converters_ e.g. transformations to try on input # data. Converter could be a symbol from CSV::Converters constant's keys, or lambda. # # # Without any converters: # CSV.parse('Bob,2018-03-01,100') # #=> [["Bob", "2018-03-01", "100"]] # # # With built-in converters: # CSV.parse('Bob,2018-03-01,100', converters: %i[numeric date]) # #=> [["Bob", #<Date: 2018-03-01>, 100]] # # # With custom converters: # CSV.parse('Bob,2018-03-01,100', converters: [->(v) { Time.parse(v) rescue v }]) # #=> [["Bob", 2018-03-01 00:00:00 +0200, "100"]] # # == CSV and Character Encodings (M17n or Multilingualization) # # This new CSV parser is m17n savvy. The parser works in the Encoding of the IO # or String object being read from or written to. Your data is never transcoded # (unless you ask Ruby to transcode it for you) and will literally be parsed in # the Encoding it is in. Thus CSV will return Arrays or Rows of Strings in the # Encoding of your data. This is accomplished by transcoding the parser itself # into your Encoding. # # Some transcoding must take place, of course, to accomplish this multiencoding # support. For example, <tt>:col_sep</tt>, <tt>:row_sep</tt>, and # <tt>:quote_char</tt> must be transcoded to match your data. Hopefully this # makes the entire process feel transparent, since CSV's defaults should just # magically work for your data. However, you can set these values manually in # the target Encoding to avoid the translation. # # It's also important to note that while all of CSV's core parser is now # Encoding agnostic, some features are not. For example, the built-in # converters will try to transcode data to UTF-8 before making conversions. # Again, you can provide custom converters that are aware of your Encodings to # avoid this translation. It's just too hard for me to support native # conversions in all of Ruby's Encodings. # # Anyway, the practical side of this is simple: make sure IO and String objects # passed into CSV have the proper Encoding set and everything should just work. # CSV methods that allow you to open IO objects (CSV::foreach(), CSV::open(), # CSV::read(), and CSV::readlines()) do allow you to specify the Encoding. # # One minor exception comes when generating CSV into a String with an Encoding # that is not ASCII compatible. There's no existing data for CSV to use to # prepare itself and thus you will probably need to manually specify the desired # Encoding for most of those cases. It will try to guess using the fields in a # row of output though, when using CSV::generate_line() or Array#to_csv(). # # I try to point out any other Encoding issues in the documentation of methods # as they come up. # # This has been tested to the best of my ability with all non-"dummy" Encodings # Ruby ships with. However, it is brave new code and may have some bugs. # Please feel free to {report}[mailto:james@grayproductions.net] any issues you # find with it. # class CSV # The error thrown when the parser encounters illegal CSV formatting. class MalformedCSVError < RuntimeError attr_reader :line_number alias_method :lineno, :line_number def initialize(message, line_number) @line_number = line_number super("#{message} in line #{line_number}.") end end # # A FieldInfo Struct contains details about a field's position in the data # source it was read from. CSV will pass this Struct to some blocks that make # decisions based on field structure. See CSV.convert_fields() for an # example. # # <tt>index</tt>:: The zero-based index of the field in its row. # <tt>line</tt>:: The line of the data source this row is from. # <tt>header</tt>:: The header for the column, when available. # FieldInfo = Struct.new(:index, :line, :header) # A Regexp used to find and convert some common Date formats. DateMatcher = / \A(?: (\w+,?\s+)?\w+\s+\d{1,2},?\s+\d{2,4} | \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} )\z /x # A Regexp used to find and convert some common DateTime formats. DateTimeMatcher = / \A(?: (\w+,?\s+)?\w+\s+\d{1,2}\s+\d{1,2}:\d{1,2}:\d{1,2},?\s+\d{2,4} | \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}\s\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2} | # ISO-8601 \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} (?:T\d{2}:\d{2}(?::\d{2}(?:\.\d+)?(?:[+-]\d{2}(?::\d{2})|Z)?)?)? )\z /x # The encoding used by all converters. ConverterEncoding = Encoding.find("UTF-8") # # This Hash holds the built-in converters of CSV that can be accessed by name. # You can select Converters with CSV.convert() or through the +options+ Hash # passed to CSV::new(). # # <tt>:integer</tt>:: Converts any field Integer() accepts. # <tt>:float</tt>:: Converts any field Float() accepts. # <tt>:numeric</tt>:: A combination of <tt>:integer</tt> # and <tt>:float</tt>. # <tt>:date</tt>:: Converts any field Date::parse() accepts. # <tt>:date_time</tt>:: Converts any field DateTime::parse() accepts. # <tt>:all</tt>:: All built-in converters. A combination of # <tt>:date_time</tt> and <tt>:numeric</tt>. # # All built-in converters transcode field data to UTF-8 before attempting a # conversion. If your data cannot be transcoded to UTF-8 the conversion will # fail and the field will remain unchanged. # # This Hash is intentionally left unfrozen and users should feel free to add # values to it that can be accessed by all CSV objects. # # To add a combo field, the value should be an Array of names. Combo fields # can be nested with other combo fields. # Converters = { integer: lambda { |f| Integer(f.encode(ConverterEncoding)) rescue f }, float: lambda { |f| Float(f.encode(ConverterEncoding)) rescue f }, numeric: [:integer, :float], date: lambda { |f| begin e = f.encode(ConverterEncoding) e.match?(DateMatcher) ? Date.parse(e) : f rescue # encoding conversion or date parse errors f end }, date_time: lambda { |f| begin e = f.encode(ConverterEncoding) e.match?(DateTimeMatcher) ? DateTime.parse(e) : f rescue # encoding conversion or date parse errors f end }, all: [:date_time, :numeric], } # # This Hash holds the built-in header converters of CSV that can be accessed # by name. You can select HeaderConverters with CSV.header_convert() or # through the +options+ Hash passed to CSV::new(). # # <tt>:downcase</tt>:: Calls downcase() on the header String. # <tt>:symbol</tt>:: Leading/trailing spaces are dropped, string is # downcased, remaining spaces are replaced with # underscores, non-word characters are dropped, # and finally to_sym() is called. # # All built-in header converters transcode header data to UTF-8 before # attempting a conversion. If your data cannot be transcoded to UTF-8 the # conversion will fail and the header will remain unchanged. # # This Hash is intentionally left unfrozen and users should feel free to add # values to it that can be accessed by all CSV objects. # # To add a combo field, the value should be an Array of names. Combo fields # can be nested with other combo fields. # HeaderConverters = { downcase: lambda { |h| h.encode(ConverterEncoding).downcase }, symbol: lambda { |h| h.encode(ConverterEncoding).downcase.gsub(/[^\s\w]+/, "").strip. gsub(/\s+/, "_").to_sym } } # # The options used when no overrides are given by calling code. They are: # # <tt>:col_sep</tt>:: <tt>","</tt> # <tt>:row_sep</tt>:: <tt>:auto</tt> # <tt>:quote_char</tt>:: <tt>'"'</tt> # <tt>:field_size_limit</tt>:: +nil+ # <tt>:converters</tt>:: +nil+ # <tt>:unconverted_fields</tt>:: +nil+ # <tt>:headers</tt>:: +false+ # <tt>:return_headers</tt>:: +false+ # <tt>:header_converters</tt>:: +nil+ # <tt>:skip_blanks</tt>:: +false+ # <tt>:force_quotes</tt>:: +false+ # <tt>:skip_lines</tt>:: +nil+ # <tt>:liberal_parsing</tt>:: +false+ # <tt>:quote_empty</tt>:: +true+ # DEFAULT_OPTIONS = { col_sep: ",", row_sep: :auto, quote_char: '"', field_size_limit: nil, converters: nil, unconverted_fields: nil, headers: false, return_headers: false, header_converters: nil, skip_blanks: false, force_quotes: false, skip_lines: nil, liberal_parsing: false, quote_empty: true, }.freeze # # This method will return a CSV instance, just like CSV::new(), but the # instance will be cached and returned for all future calls to this method for # the same +data+ object (tested by Object#object_id()) with the same # +options+. # # If a block is given, the instance is passed to the block and the return # value becomes the return value of the block. # def self.instance(data = $stdout, **options) # create a _signature_ for this method call, data object and options sig = [data.object_id] + options.values_at(*DEFAULT_OPTIONS.keys.sort_by { |sym| sym.to_s }) # fetch or create the instance for this signature @@instances ||= Hash.new instance = (@@instances[sig] ||= new(data, options)) if block_given? yield instance # run block, if given, returning result else instance # or return the instance end end # # :call-seq: # filter( **options ) { |row| ... } # filter( input, **options ) { |row| ... } # filter( input, output, **options ) { |row| ... } # # This method is a convenience for building Unix-like filters for CSV data. # Each row is yielded to the provided block which can alter it as needed. # After the block returns, the row is appended to +output+ altered or not. # # The +input+ and +output+ arguments can be anything CSV::new() accepts # (generally String or IO objects). If not given, they default to # <tt>ARGF</tt> and <tt>$stdout</tt>. # # The +options+ parameter is also filtered down to CSV::new() after some # clever key parsing. Any key beginning with <tt>:in_</tt> or # <tt>:input_</tt> will have that leading identifier stripped and will only # be used in the +options+ Hash for the +input+ object. Keys starting with # <tt>:out_</tt> or <tt>:output_</tt> affect only +output+. All other keys # are assigned to both objects. # # The <tt>:output_row_sep</tt> +option+ defaults to # <tt>$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR</tt> (<tt>$/</tt>). # def self.filter(input=nil, output=nil, **options) # parse options for input, output, or both in_options, out_options = Hash.new, {row_sep: $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR} options.each do |key, value| case key.to_s when /\Ain(?:put)?_(.+)\Z/ in_options[$1.to_sym] = value when /\Aout(?:put)?_(.+)\Z/ out_options[$1.to_sym] = value else in_options[key] = value out_options[key] = value end end # build input and output wrappers input = new(input || ARGF, in_options) output = new(output || $stdout, out_options) # read, yield, write input.each do |row| yield row output << row end end # # This method is intended as the primary interface for reading CSV files. You # pass a +path+ and any +options+ you wish to set for the read. Each row of # file will be passed to the provided +block+ in turn. # # The +options+ parameter can be anything CSV::new() understands. This method # also understands an additional <tt>:encoding</tt> parameter that you can use # to specify the Encoding of the data in the file to be read. You must provide # this unless your data is in Encoding::default_external(). CSV will use this # to determine how to parse the data. You may provide a second Encoding to # have the data transcoded as it is read. For example, # <tt>encoding: "UTF-32BE:UTF-8"</tt> would read UTF-32BE data from the file # but transcode it to UTF-8 before CSV parses it. # def self.foreach(path, mode="r", **options, &block) return to_enum(__method__, path, mode, options) unless block_given? open(path, mode, options) do |csv| csv.each(&block) end end # # :call-seq: # generate( str, **options ) { |csv| ... } # generate( **options ) { |csv| ... } # # This method wraps a String you provide, or an empty default String, in a # CSV object which is passed to the provided block. You can use the block to # append CSV rows to the String and when the block exits, the final String # will be returned. # # Note that a passed String *is* modified by this method. Call dup() before # passing if you need a new String. # # The +options+ parameter can be anything CSV::new() understands. This method # understands an additional <tt>:encoding</tt> parameter when not passed a # String to set the base Encoding for the output. CSV needs this hint if you # plan to output non-ASCII compatible data. # def self.generate(str=nil, **options) # add a default empty String, if none was given if str str = StringIO.new(str) str.seek(0, IO::SEEK_END) else encoding = options[:encoding] str = +"" str.force_encoding(encoding) if encoding end csv = new(str, options) # wrap yield csv # yield for appending csv.string # return final String end # # This method is a shortcut for converting a single row (Array) into a CSV # String. # # The +options+ parameter can be anything CSV::new() understands. This method # understands an additional <tt>:encoding</tt> parameter to set the base # Encoding for the output. This method will try to guess your Encoding from # the first non-+nil+ field in +row+, if possible, but you may need to use # this parameter as a backup plan. # # The <tt>:row_sep</tt> +option+ defaults to <tt>$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR</tt> # (<tt>$/</tt>) when calling this method. # def self.generate_line(row, **options) options = {row_sep: $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR}.merge(options) str = +"" if options[:encoding] str.force_encoding(options[:encoding]) elsif field = row.find {|f| f.is_a?(String)} str.force_encoding(field.encoding) end (new(str, options) << row).string end # # :call-seq: # open( filename, mode = "rb", **options ) { |faster_csv| ... } # open( filename, **options ) { |faster_csv| ... } # open( filename, mode = "rb", **options ) # open( filename, **options ) # # This method opens an IO object, and wraps that with CSV. This is intended # as the primary interface for writing a CSV file. # # You must pass a +filename+ and may optionally add a +mode+ for Ruby's # open(). You may also pass an optional Hash containing any +options+ # CSV::new() understands as the final argument. # # This method works like Ruby's open() call, in that it will pass a CSV object # to a provided block and close it when the block terminates, or it will # return the CSV object when no block is provided. (*Note*: This is different # from the Ruby 1.8 CSV library which passed rows to the block. Use # CSV::foreach() for that behavior.) # # You must provide a +mode+ with an embedded Encoding designator unless your # data is in Encoding::default_external(). CSV will check the Encoding of the # underlying IO object (set by the +mode+ you pass) to determine how to parse # the data. You may provide a second Encoding to have the data transcoded as # it is read just as you can with a normal call to IO::open(). For example, # <tt>"rb:UTF-32BE:UTF-8"</tt> would read UTF-32BE data from the file but # transcode it to UTF-8 before CSV parses it. # # An opened CSV object will delegate to many IO methods for convenience. You # may call: # # * binmode() # * binmode?() # * close() # * close_read() # * close_write() # * closed?() # * eof() # * eof?() # * external_encoding() # * fcntl() # * fileno() # * flock() # * flush() # * fsync() # * internal_encoding() # * ioctl() # * isatty() # * path() # * pid() # * pos() # * pos=() # * reopen() # * seek() # * stat() # * sync() # * sync=() # * tell() # * to_i() # * to_io() # * truncate() # * tty?() # def self.open(filename, mode="r", **options) # wrap a File opened with the remaining +args+ with no newline # decorator file_opts = {universal_newline: false}.merge(options) begin f = File.open(filename, mode, file_opts) rescue ArgumentError => e raise unless /needs binmode/.match?(e.message) and mode == "r" mode = "rb" file_opts = {encoding: Encoding.default_external}.merge(file_opts) retry end begin csv = new(f, options) rescue Exception f.close raise end # handle blocks like Ruby's open(), not like the CSV library if block_given? begin yield csv ensure csv.close end else csv end end # # :call-seq: # parse( str, **options ) { |row| ... } # parse( str, **options ) # # This method can be used to easily parse CSV out of a String. You may either # provide a +block+ which will be called with each row of the String in turn, # or just use the returned Array of Arrays (when no +block+ is given). # # You pass your +str+ to read from, and an optional +options+ containing # anything CSV::new() understands. # def self.parse(*args, &block) csv = new(*args) return csv.each(&block) if block_given? # slurp contents, if no block is given begin csv.read ensure csv.close end end # # This method is a shortcut for converting a single line of a CSV String into # an Array. Note that if +line+ contains multiple rows, anything beyond the # first row is ignored. # # The +options+ parameter can be anything CSV::new() understands. # def self.parse_line(line, **options) new(line, options).shift end # # Use to slurp a CSV file into an Array of Arrays. Pass the +path+ to the # file and any +options+ CSV::new() understands. This method also understands # an additional <tt>:encoding</tt> parameter that you can use to specify the # Encoding of the data in the file to be read. You must provide this unless # your data is in Encoding::default_external(). CSV will use this to determine # how to parse the data. You may provide a second Encoding to have the data # transcoded as it is read. For example, # <tt>encoding: "UTF-32BE:UTF-8"</tt> would read UTF-32BE data from the file # but transcode it to UTF-8 before CSV parses it. # def self.read(path, *options) open(path, *options) { |csv| csv.read } end # Alias for CSV::read(). def self.readlines(*args) read(*args) end # # A shortcut for: # # CSV.read( path, { headers: true, # converters: :numeric, # header_converters: :symbol }.merge(options) ) # def self.table(path, **options) read( path, { headers: true, converters: :numeric, header_converters: :symbol }.merge(options) ) end # # This constructor will wrap either a String or IO object passed in +data+ for # reading and/or writing. In addition to the CSV instance methods, several IO # methods are delegated. (See CSV::open() for a complete list.) If you pass # a String for +data+, you can later retrieve it (after writing to it, for # example) with CSV.string(). # # Note that a wrapped String will be positioned at the beginning (for # reading). If you want it at the end (for writing), use CSV::generate(). # If you want any other positioning, pass a preset StringIO object instead. # # You may set any reading and/or writing preferences in the +options+ Hash. # Available options are: # # <tt>:col_sep</tt>:: The String placed between each field. # This String will be transcoded into # the data's Encoding before parsing. # <tt>:row_sep</tt>:: The String appended to the end of each # row. This can be set to the special # <tt>:auto</tt> setting, which requests # that CSV automatically discover this # from the data. Auto-discovery reads # ahead in the data looking for the next # <tt>"\r\n"</tt>, <tt>"\n"</tt>, or # <tt>"\r"</tt> sequence. A sequence # will be selected even if it occurs in # a quoted field, assuming that you # would have the same line endings # there. If none of those sequences is # found, +data+ is <tt>ARGF</tt>, # <tt>STDIN</tt>, <tt>STDOUT</tt>, or # <tt>STDERR</tt>, or the stream is only # available for output, the default # <tt>$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR</tt> # (<tt>$/</tt>) is used. Obviously, # discovery takes a little time. Set # manually if speed is important. Also # note that IO objects should be opened # in binary mode on Windows if this # feature will be used as the # line-ending translation can cause # problems with resetting the document # position to where it was before the # read ahead. This String will be # transcoded into the data's Encoding # before parsing. # <tt>:quote_char</tt>:: The character used to quote fields. # This has to be a single character # String. This is useful for # application that incorrectly use # <tt>'</tt> as the quote character # instead of the correct <tt>"</tt>. # CSV will always consider a double # sequence of this character to be an # escaped quote. This String will be # transcoded into the data's Encoding # before parsing. # <tt>:field_size_limit</tt>:: This is a maximum size CSV will read # ahead looking for the closing quote # for a field. (In truth, it reads to # the first line ending beyond this # size.) If a quote cannot be found # within the limit CSV will raise a # MalformedCSVError, assuming the data # is faulty. You can use this limit to # prevent what are effectively DoS # attacks on the parser. However, this # limit can cause a legitimate parse to # fail and thus is set to +nil+, or off, # by default. # <tt>:converters</tt>:: An Array of names from the Converters # Hash and/or lambdas that handle custom # conversion. A single converter # doesn't have to be in an Array. All # built-in converters try to transcode # fields to UTF-8 before converting. # The conversion will fail if the data # cannot be transcoded, leaving the # field unchanged. # <tt>:unconverted_fields</tt>:: If set to +true+, an # unconverted_fields() method will be # added to all returned rows (Array or # CSV::Row) that will return the fields # as they were before conversion. Note # that <tt>:headers</tt> supplied by # Array or String were not fields of the # document and thus will have an empty # Array attached. # <tt>:headers</tt>:: If set to <tt>:first_row</tt> or # +true+, the initial row of the CSV # file will be treated as a row of # headers. If set to an Array, the # contents will be used as the headers. # If set to a String, the String is run # through a call of CSV::parse_line() # with the same <tt>:col_sep</tt>, # <tt>:row_sep</tt>, and # <tt>:quote_char</tt> as this instance # to produce an Array of headers. This # setting causes CSV#shift() to return # rows as CSV::Row objects instead of # Arrays and CSV#read() to return # CSV::Table objects instead of an Array # of Arrays. # <tt>:return_headers</tt>:: When +false+, header rows are silently # swallowed. If set to +true+, header # rows are returned in a CSV::Row object # with identical headers and # fields (save that the fields do not go # through the converters). # <tt>:write_headers</tt>:: When +true+ and <tt>:headers</tt> is # set, a header row will be added to the # output. # <tt>:header_converters</tt>:: Identical in functionality to # <tt>:converters</tt> save that the # conversions are only made to header # rows. All built-in converters try to # transcode headers to UTF-8 before # converting. The conversion will fail # if the data cannot be transcoded, # leaving the header unchanged. # <tt>:skip_blanks</tt>:: When set to a +true+ value, CSV will # skip over any empty rows. Note that # this setting will not skip rows that # contain column separators, even if # the rows contain no actual data. If # you want to skip rows that contain # separators but no content, consider # using <tt>:skip_lines</tt>, or # inspecting fields.compact.empty? on # each row. # <tt>:force_quotes</tt>:: When set to a +true+ value, CSV will # quote all CSV fields it creates. # <tt>:skip_lines</tt>:: When set to an object responding to # <tt>match</tt>, every line matching # it is considered a comment and ignored # during parsing. When set to a String, # it is first converted to a Regexp. # When set to +nil+ no line is considered # a comment. If the passed object does # not respond to <tt>match</tt>, # <tt>ArgumentError</tt> is thrown. # <tt>:liberal_parsing</tt>:: When set to a +true+ value, CSV will # attempt to parse input not conformant # with RFC 4180, such as double quotes # in unquoted fields. # <tt>:nil_value</tt>:: When set an object, any values of an # empty field are replaced by the set # object, not nil. # <tt>:empty_value</tt>:: When set an object, any values of a # blank string field is replaced by # the set object. # <tt>:quote_empty</tt>:: TODO # <tt>:write_converters</tt>:: TODO # <tt>:write_nil_value</tt>:: TODO # <tt>:write_empty_value</tt>:: TODO # <tt>:strip</tt>:: TODO # # See CSV::DEFAULT_OPTIONS for the default settings. # # Options cannot be overridden in the instance methods for performance reasons, # so be sure to set what you want here. # def initialize(data, col_sep: ",", row_sep: :auto, quote_char: '"', field_size_limit: nil, converters: nil, unconverted_fields: nil, headers: false, return_headers: false, write_headers: nil, header_converters: nil, skip_blanks: false, force_quotes: false, skip_lines: nil, liberal_parsing: false, internal_encoding: nil, external_encoding: nil, encoding: nil, nil_value: nil, empty_value: "", quote_empty: true, write_converters: nil, write_nil_value: nil, write_empty_value: "", strip: false) raise ArgumentError.new("Cannot parse nil as CSV") if data.nil? # create the IO object we will read from @io = data.is_a?(String) ? StringIO.new(data) : data @encoding = determine_encoding(encoding, internal_encoding) @base_fields_converter_options = { nil_value: nil_value, empty_value: empty_value, } @write_fields_converter_options = { nil_value: write_nil_value, empty_value: write_empty_value, } @initial_converters = converters @initial_header_converters = header_converters @initial_write_converters = write_converters @parser_options = { column_separator: col_sep, row_separator: row_sep, quote_character: quote_char, field_size_limit: field_size_limit, unconverted_fields: unconverted_fields, headers: headers, return_headers: return_headers, skip_blanks: skip_blanks, skip_lines: skip_lines, liberal_parsing: liberal_parsing, encoding: @encoding, nil_value: nil_value, empty_value: empty_value, strip: strip, } @parser = nil @writer_options = { encoding: @encoding, force_encoding: (not encoding.nil?), force_quotes: force_quotes, headers: headers, write_headers: write_headers, column_separator: col_sep, row_separator: row_sep, quote_character: quote_char, quote_empty: quote_empty, } @writer = nil writer if @writer_options[:write_headers] end # # The encoded <tt>:col_sep</tt> used in parsing and writing. See CSV::new # for details. # def col_sep parser.column_separator end # # The encoded <tt>:row_sep</tt> used in parsing and writing. See CSV::new # for details. # def row_sep parser.row_separator end # # The encoded <tt>:quote_char</tt> used in parsing and writing. See CSV::new # for details. # def quote_char parser.quote_character end # The limit for field size, if any. See CSV::new for details. def field_size_limit parser.field_size_limit end # The regex marking a line as a comment. See CSV::new for details def skip_lines parser.skip_lines end # # Returns the current list of converters in effect. See CSV::new for details. # Built-in converters will be returned by name, while others will be returned # as is. # def converters parser_fields_converter.map do |converter| name = Converters.rassoc(converter) name ? name.first : converter end end # # Returns +true+ if unconverted_fields() to parsed results. See CSV::new # for details. # def unconverted_fields? parser.unconverted_fields? end # # Returns +nil+ if headers will not be used, +true+ if they will but have not # yet been read, or the actual headers after they have been read. See # CSV::new for details. # def headers if @writer @writer.headers else parsed_headers = parser.headers return parsed_headers if parsed_headers raw_headers = @parser_options[:headers] raw_headers = nil if raw_headers == false raw_headers end end # # Returns +true+ if headers will be returned as a row of results. # See CSV::new for details. # def return_headers? parser.return_headers? end # Returns +true+ if headers are written in output. See CSV::new for details. def write_headers? @writer_options[:write_headers] end # # Returns the current list of converters in effect for headers. See CSV::new # for details. Built-in converters will be returned by name, while others # will be returned as is. # def header_converters header_fields_converter.map do |converter| name = HeaderConverters.rassoc(converter) name ? name.first : converter end end # # Returns +true+ blank lines are skipped by the parser. See CSV::new # for details. # def skip_blanks? parser.skip_blanks? end # Returns +true+ if all output fields are quoted. See CSV::new for details. def force_quotes? @writer_options[:force_quotes] end # Returns +true+ if illegal input is handled. See CSV::new for details. def liberal_parsing? parser.liberal_parsing? end # # The Encoding CSV is parsing or writing in. This will be the Encoding you # receive parsed data in and/or the Encoding data will be written in. # attr_reader :encoding # # The line number of the last row read from this file. Fields with nested # line-end characters will not affect this count. # def lineno if @writer @writer.lineno else parser.lineno end end # # The last row read from this file. # def line parser.line end ### IO and StringIO Delegation ### extend Forwardable def_delegators :@io, :binmode, :close, :close_read, :close_write, :closed?, :external_encoding, :fcntl, :fileno, :flush, :fsync, :internal_encoding, :isatty, :pid, :pos, :pos=, :reopen, :seek, :string, :sync, :sync=, :tell, :truncate, :tty? def binmode? if @io.respond_to?(:binmode?) @io.binmode? else false end end def flock(*args) raise NotImplementedError unless @io.respond_to?(:flock) @io.flock(*args) end def ioctl(*args) raise NotImplementedError unless @io.respond_to?(:ioctl) @io.ioctl(*args) end def path @io.path if @io.respond_to?(:path) end def stat(*args) raise NotImplementedError unless @io.respond_to?(:stat) @io.stat(*args) end def to_i raise NotImplementedError unless @io.respond_to?(:to_i) @io.to_i end def to_io @io.respond_to?(:to_io) ? @io.to_io : @io end def eof? begin parser_enumerator.peek false rescue StopIteration true end end alias_method :eof, :eof? # Rewinds the underlying IO object and resets CSV's lineno() counter. def rewind @parser = nil @parser_enumerator = nil @writer.rewind if @writer @io.rewind end ### End Delegation ### # # The primary write method for wrapped Strings and IOs, +row+ (an Array or # CSV::Row) is converted to CSV and appended to the data source. When a # CSV::Row is passed, only the row's fields() are appended to the output. # # The data source must be open for writing. # def <<(row) writer << row self end alias_method :add_row, :<< alias_method :puts, :<< # # :call-seq: # convert( name ) # convert { |field| ... } # convert { |field, field_info| ... } # # You can use this method to install a CSV::Converters built-in, or provide a # block that handles a custom conversion. # # If you provide a block that takes one argument, it will be passed the field # and is expected to return the converted value or the field itself. If your # block takes two arguments, it will also be passed a CSV::FieldInfo Struct, # containing details about the field. Again, the block should return a # converted field or the field itself. # def convert(name = nil, &converter) parser_fields_converter.add_converter(name, &converter) end # # :call-seq: # header_convert( name ) # header_convert { |field| ... } # header_convert { |field, field_info| ... } # # Identical to CSV#convert(), but for header rows. # # Note that this method must be called before header rows are read to have any # effect. # def header_convert(name = nil, &converter) header_fields_converter.add_converter(name, &converter) end include Enumerable # # Yields each row of the data source in turn. # # Support for Enumerable. # # The data source must be open for reading. # def each(&block) parser_enumerator.each(&block) end # # Slurps the remaining rows and returns an Array of Arrays. # # The data source must be open for reading. # def read rows = to_a if parser.use_headers? Table.new(rows, headers: parser.headers) else rows end end alias_method :readlines, :read # Returns +true+ if the next row read will be a header row. def header_row? parser.header_row? end # # The primary read method for wrapped Strings and IOs, a single row is pulled # from the data source, parsed and returned as an Array of fields (if header # rows are not used) or a CSV::Row (when header rows are used). # # The data source must be open for reading. # def shift begin parser_enumerator.next rescue StopIteration nil end end alias_method :gets, :shift alias_method :readline, :shift # # Returns a simplified description of the key CSV attributes in an # ASCII compatible String. # def inspect str = ["<#", self.class.to_s, " io_type:"] # show type of wrapped IO if @io == $stdout then str << "$stdout" elsif @io == $stdin then str << "$stdin" elsif @io == $stderr then str << "$stderr" else str << @io.class.to_s end # show IO.path(), if available if @io.respond_to?(:path) and (p = @io.path) str << " io_path:" << p.inspect end # show encoding str << " encoding:" << @encoding.name # show other attributes ["lineno", "col_sep", "row_sep", "quote_char"].each do |attr_name| if a = __send__(attr_name) str << " " << attr_name << ":" << a.inspect end end ["skip_blanks", "liberal_parsing"].each do |attr_name| if a = __send__("#{attr_name}?") str << " " << attr_name << ":" << a.inspect end end _headers = headers str << " headers:" << _headers.inspect if _headers str << ">" begin str.join('') rescue # any encoding error str.map do |s| e = Encoding::Converter.asciicompat_encoding(s.encoding) e ? s.encode(e) : s.force_encoding("ASCII-8BIT") end.join('') end end private def determine_encoding(encoding, internal_encoding) # honor the IO encoding if we can, otherwise default to ASCII-8BIT io_encoding = raw_encoding return io_encoding if io_encoding return Encoding.find(internal_encoding) if internal_encoding if encoding encoding, = encoding.split(":", 2) if encoding.is_a?(String) return Encoding.find(encoding) end Encoding.default_internal || Encoding.default_external end def normalize_converters(converters) converters ||= [] unless converters.is_a?(Array) converters = [converters] end converters.collect do |converter| case converter when Proc # custom code block [nil, converter] else # by name [converter, nil] end end end # # Processes +fields+ with <tt>@converters</tt>, or <tt>@header_converters</tt> # if +headers+ is passed as +true+, returning the converted field set. Any # converter that changes the field into something other than a String halts # the pipeline of conversion for that field. This is primarily an efficiency # shortcut. # def convert_fields(fields, headers = false) if headers header_fields_converter.convert(fields, nil, 0) else parser_fields_converter.convert(fields, @headers, lineno) end end # # Returns the encoding of the internal IO object. # def raw_encoding if @io.respond_to? :internal_encoding @io.internal_encoding || @io.external_encoding elsif @io.respond_to? :encoding @io.encoding else nil end end def parser_fields_converter @parser_fields_converter ||= build_parser_fields_converter end def build_parser_fields_converter specific_options = { builtin_converters: Converters, } options = @base_fields_converter_options.merge(specific_options) build_fields_converter(@initial_converters, options) end def header_fields_converter @header_fields_converter ||= build_header_fields_converter end def build_header_fields_converter specific_options = { builtin_converters: HeaderConverters, accept_nil: true, } options = @base_fields_converter_options.merge(specific_options) build_fields_converter(@initial_header_converters, options) end def writer_fields_converter @writer_fields_converter ||= build_writer_fields_converter end def build_writer_fields_converter build_fields_converter(@initial_write_converters, @write_fields_converter_options) end def build_fields_converter(initial_converters, options) fields_converter = FieldsConverter.new(options) normalize_converters(initial_converters).each do |name, converter| fields_converter.add_converter(name, &converter) end fields_converter end def parser @parser ||= Parser.new(@io, parser_options) end def parser_options @parser_options.merge(header_fields_converter: header_fields_converter, fields_converter: parser_fields_converter) end def parser_enumerator @parser_enumerator ||= parser.parse end def writer @writer ||= Writer.new(@io, writer_options) end def writer_options @writer_options.merge(header_fields_converter: header_fields_converter, fields_converter: writer_fields_converter) end end # Passes +args+ to CSV::instance. # # CSV("CSV,data").read # #=> [["CSV", "data"]] # # If a block is given, the instance is passed the block and the return value # becomes the return value of the block. # # CSV("CSV,data") { |c| # c.read.any? { |a| a.include?("data") } # } #=> true # # CSV("CSV,data") { |c| # c.read.any? { |a| a.include?("zombies") } # } #=> false # def CSV(*args, &block) CSV.instance(*args, &block) end require_relative "csv/version" require_relative "csv/core_ext/array" require_relative "csv/core_ext/string"